Author :
Abstract
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı Türkiye'de COVID-19 tanılı hastalara bakım veren hemşirelerin deneyimlerini ve psikososyal sorunlarını belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmada tanımlayıcı niteliksel bir yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Veriler Ekim - Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında toplanmış olup, örneklemini COVID-19 salgını sırasında bir pandemi hastanesinde çalışan 11 hemşire oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında Sosyo-Demografik Bilgi Formu ve Yarı Yapılandırılmış Görüşme Formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşme verilerinin analizi içerik analizi ile değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 37.3 (min: 23-maks: 53) olup, 7'si kadın, 3'ü bekar, 6'sı yüksek lisans derecesine sahiptir. COVID-19 tanısı alan hastalara bakım veren hemşirelerin deneyimleri ve psikososyal konular, üç ana tema (çalışma ortamı deneyimleri, psikolojik etkiler ve sosyal etkiler) ve yedi alt tema olmak üzere kategorize edilmiştir. Alt temalar; çalışma ortamına ilişkin deneyimler, sosyal ve psikolojik deneyimler, aktif ve pasif başetme, psikososyal ve yönetimsel destek olarak saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Hemşirelerin pandemi sürecinde çeşitli psikolojik sorunlar, sosyal deneyimler yaşadıklarını ve psikososyal ve idari desteğe gereksinim duydukları, ayrıca ikincil travma riskine neden olabilecek damgalayıcı tutumlarla ve tükenmişlikle karşı karşıya kaldıkları görülmüştür. Bu doğrultuda belirlenen sorun alanlarına yönelik uygun müdahalelerin planlaması ile hemşirelerin ruhsal hastalık risk faktörlerini yönetmek ve ruhsal sağlık durumlarını iyileştirmek mümkün olacaktır.
Keywords
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to determine the experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey.
Methods: This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The data was collected between the October -November 2020 in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 11 nurses who worked in a pandemic hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Socio‐Demographic Information Form and Semi‐Structured Interview Form were utilized for the data collection. The interview data were analyzed thru content analysis.
Results: The average age of participants was 37.3 (min: 23–max: 53), of which 7 were women, 3 were single, 6 had a graduate degree. The experiences and psychosocial issues among nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were categorized under three main theme and seven sub-themes such as ‘working setting experiences’, ‘psychological effects’ and ‘social effects’ for the ‘effects of the pandemic’ theme; ‘active coping’ and ‘passive coping’ for the ‘coping methods’ theme; and lastly ‘psychosocial support’ and ‘administrative support’ for the “support needs” theme.
Conclusion: The data showed that nurses experienced various psychological distress, social experiences, and needed psychosocial and administrative support during the care of COVID-19 patients. They also faced stigmatizing attitudes and experiencing burnout which put them at risk of secondary traumas. With proper planning by the authorities, it is possible to manage mental health distress risk factors of nurses and ameliorate their mental health status.
Keywords
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